poly2nb.Rd
The function builds a neighbours list based on regions with contiguous boundaries, that is sharing one or more boundary point. The current function is in part interpreted and may run slowly for many regions or detailed boundaries, but from 0.2-16 should not fail because of lack of memory when single polygons are built of very many border coordinates.
poly2nb(pl, row.names = NULL, snap=sqrt(.Machine$double.eps),
queen=TRUE, useC=TRUE, foundInBox=NULL)
list of polygons of class extending SpatialPolygons
, or an sf
or sfc
object containing non-empty (multi-)polygon objects
character vector of region ids to be added to the neighbours list as attribute region.id
, default seq(1, nrow(x))
; if pl
has row.names
, they are used instead of the default sequence.
boundary points less than snap
distance apart are considered to indicate contiguity; used both to find candidate and actual neighbours for planar geometries, but only actual neighbours for spherical geometries, as spherical spatial indexing itself injects some fuzzyness.
if TRUE, a single shared boundary point meets the contiguity condition, if FALSE, more than one shared point is required; note that more than one shared boundary point does not necessarily mean a shared boundary line
default TRUE, doing the work loop in C, may be set to false to revert to R code calling two C functions in an n*k
work loop, where k
is the average number of candidate neighbours
default NULL using R code or st_intersects()
to generate candidate neighbours (using snap=
if the geometries are not spherical); if not NULL (for legacy purposes) a list of length (n-1)
with integer vectors of candidate neighbours (j > i)
(as created by the poly_findInBoxGEOS
function in rgeos for clean polygons)
A neighbours list with class nb
. See card
for details of “nb” objects.
From 0.5-8, the function includes faster bounding box indexing and other improvements contributed by Micah Altman. If a cluster is provided using set.ClusterOption
, it will be used for finding candidate bounding box overlaps for exact testing for contiguity.
Until 1.1-7, sf
polygons included both start and end points, so could erroneously report queen neighbourhood where only rook was present, see https://github.com/r-spatial/spdep/issues/50.
From 1.1-9 with sf 1.0-0, s2 is used in bounding box indexing internally when pl
is in geographical coordinates. Because the topology engine of s2 differs from the use of GEOS for planar coordinates by sf, some output differences may be expected. Since treating spherical geometries as planar is also questionable, it is not clear whether spherical contiguous polygon neighbours should simply follow neighbours found by treating the geometries as planar https://github.com/r-spatial/s2/issues/125#issuecomment-864403372. However, current advice is not necessarily to use s2 for finding contiguity neighbours, or at least to check output.
columbus <- st_read(system.file("shapes/columbus.shp", package="spData")[1], quiet=TRUE)
col.gal.nb <- read.gal(system.file("weights/columbus.gal", package="spData")[1])
coords <- st_coordinates(st_centroid(st_geometry(columbus)))
xx <- poly2nb(as(columbus, "Spatial"))
dxx <- diffnb(xx, col.gal.nb)
plot(st_geometry(columbus), border="grey")
plot(col.gal.nb, coords, add=TRUE)
plot(dxx, coords, add=TRUE, col="red")
title(main=paste("Differences (red) in Columbus GAL weights (black)",
"and polygon generated queen weights", sep="\n"), cex.main=0.6)
# poly2nb with sf sfc_MULTIPOLYGON objects
sf_xx <- poly2nb(columbus)
diffnb(sf_xx, xx)
#> Neighbour list object:
#> Number of regions: 49
#> Number of nonzero links: 0
#> Percentage nonzero weights: 0
#> Average number of links: 0
#> 49 regions with no links:
#> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
#> 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49
#> 49 disjoint connected subgraphs
sfc_xx <- poly2nb(st_geometry(columbus))
diffnb(sfc_xx, xx)
#> Neighbour list object:
#> Number of regions: 49
#> Number of nonzero links: 0
#> Percentage nonzero weights: 0
#> Average number of links: 0
#> 49 regions with no links:
#> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
#> 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49
#> 49 disjoint connected subgraphs
xxx <- poly2nb(as(columbus, "Spatial"), queen=FALSE)
dxxx <- diffnb(xxx, col.gal.nb)
plot(st_geometry(columbus), border = "grey")
plot(col.gal.nb, coords, add = TRUE)
plot(dxxx, coords, add = TRUE, col = "red")
title(main=paste("Differences (red) in Columbus GAL weights (black)",
"and polygon generated rook weights", sep="\n"), cex.main=0.6)
cards <- card(xx)
maxconts <- which(cards == max(cards))
if(length(maxconts) > 1) maxconts <- maxconts[1]
fg <- rep("grey", length(cards))
fg[maxconts] <- "red"
fg[xx[[maxconts]]] <- "green"
plot(st_geometry(columbus), col=fg)
title(main="Region with largest number of contiguities", cex.main=0.6)
nc.sids <- st_read(system.file("shapes/sids.shp", package="spData")[1], quiet=TRUE)
system.time(xxnb <- poly2nb(nc.sids))
#> user system elapsed
#> 0.018 0.000 0.018
system.time(xxnb <- poly2nb(as(nc.sids, "Spatial")))
#> user system elapsed
#> 0.034 0.000 0.033
plot(st_geometry(nc.sids))
plot(xxnb, st_coordinates(st_centroid(nc.sids)), add=TRUE, col="blue")
#> Warning: st_centroid assumes attributes are constant over geometries
sq <- st_polygon(list(rbind(c(0,0), c(1,0), c(1,1), c(0,1), c(0,0))))
sq2 <- sq + c(0,1)
sq3 <- sq + c(1,0)
sq4 <- sq + c(1,1)
gm <- st_sfc(list(sq, sq2, sq3, sq4))
df <- st_as_sf(gm, id=1:4)
plot(st_geometry(df))
text(st_coordinates(st_centroid(gm)), as.character(df$id))
unclass(poly2nb(df, queen = FALSE))
#> [[1]]
#> [1] 2 3
#>
#> [[2]]
#> [1] 1 4
#>
#> [[3]]
#> [1] 1 4
#>
#> [[4]]
#> [1] 2 3
#>
#> attr(,"region.id")
#> [1] "1" "2" "3" "4"
#> attr(,"call")
#> poly2nb(pl = df, queen = FALSE)
#> attr(,"type")
#> [1] "rook"
#> attr(,"sym")
#> [1] TRUE
col_geoms <- st_geometry(columbus)
col_geoms[1] <- st_buffer(col_geoms[1], dist=-0.05)
st_geometry(columbus) <- col_geoms
poly2nb(columbus)
#> Neighbour list object:
#> Number of regions: 49
#> Number of nonzero links: 232
#> Percentage nonzero weights: 9.662641
#> Average number of links: 4.734694
#> 1 region with no links:
#> 1
#> 2 disjoint connected subgraphs