Spatial weights matrices for neighbours lists

The function generates a weights matrix for a neighbours list with spatial weights for the chosen coding scheme.

Usage

nb2mat(neighbours, glist=NULL, style="W", zero.policy=NULL)
listw2mat(listw)

Arguments

neighbours: an object of class nb
glist: list of general weights corresponding to neighbours
style: style can take values W, B, C, and S
zero.policy: default NULL, use global option value; if FALSE stop with error for any empty neighbour sets, if TRUE permit the weights list to be formed with zero-length weights vectors
listw: a listw object from for example nb2listw

Details

Starting from a binary neighbours list, in which regions are either listed as neighbours or are absent (thus not in the set of neighbours for some definition), the function creates an n by n weights matrix with values given by the coding scheme style chosen. B is the basic binary coding, W is row standardised, C is globally standardised, while S is the variance-stabilizing coding scheme proposed by Tiefelsdorf et al. 1999, p. 167-168.

The function leaves matrix rows as zero for any regions with zero neighbours fore zero.policy TRUE. These will in turn generate lag values of zero, equivalent to the sum of products of the zero row t(rep(0, length=length(neighbours))) %*% x, for arbitraty numerical vector x of length length(neighbours). The spatially lagged value of x for the zero-neighbour region will then be zero, which may (or may not) be a sensible choice.

Value

An n by n matrix, where n=length(neighbours)

References

Tiefelsdorf, M., Griffith, D. A., Boots, B. 1999 A variance-stabilizing coding scheme for spatial link matrices, Environment and Planning A, 31, pp. 165-180.

Author

Roger Bivand Roger.Bivand@nhh.no

Examples

columbus <- st_read(system.file("shapes/columbus.gpkg", package="spData")[1], quiet=TRUE)
col005 <- dnearneigh(st_coordinates(st_centroid(st_geometry(columbus),
 of_largest_polygon=TRUE)), 0, 0.5, as.character(columbus$NEIGNO))
#> Warning: neighbour object has 8 sub-graphs
summary(col005)
#> Neighbour list object:
#> Number of regions: 49 
#> Number of nonzero links: 170 
#> Percentage nonzero weights: 7.080383 
#> Average number of links: 3.469388 
#> 4 regions with no links:
#> 1005, 1006, 1008, 1043
#> 8 disjoint connected subgraphs
#> Link number distribution:
#> 
#>  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 
#>  4 11  5  8  3  9  2  2  3  2 
#> 11 least connected regions:
#> 1001 1007 1018 1010 1045 1044 1046 1047 1049 1048 1015 with 1 link
#> 2 most connected regions:
#> 1038 1036 with 9 links
col005.w.mat <- nb2mat(col005, style="B", zero.policy=TRUE)
table(round(rowSums(col005.w.mat)))
#> 
#>  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 
#>  4 11  5  8  3  9  2  2  3  2