Test a neighbours list for symmetry

Checks a neighbours list for symmetry/transitivity (if i is a neighbour of j, then j is a neighbour of i). This holds for distance and contiguity based neighbours, but not for k-nearest neighbours. The helper function sym.attr.nb() calls is.symmetric.nb() to set the sym attribute if needed, and make.sym.nb makes a non-symmetric list symmetric by adding neighbors. is.symmetric.glist checks a list of general weights corresponding to neighbours for symmetry for symmetric neighbours.

Usage

is.symmetric.nb(nb, verbose = NULL, force = FALSE)
sym.attr.nb(nb)
make.sym.nb(nb)
old.make.sym.nb(nb)
is.symmetric.glist(nb, glist)

Arguments

nb

an object of class nb with a list of integer vectors containing neighbour region number ids.

verbose

default NULL, use global option value; if TRUE prints non-matching pairs

force

do not respect a neighbours list sym attribute and test anyway

glist

list of general weights corresponding to neighbours

Value

TRUE if symmetric, FALSE if not; is.symmetric.glist returns a value with an attribute, "d", indicating for failed symmetry the largest failing value.

Note

A new version of make.sym.nb by Bjarke Christensen is now included. The older version has been renamed old.make.sym.nb, and their comparison constitutes a nice demonstration of vectorising speedup using sapply and lapply rather than loops. When any no-neighbour observations are present, old.make.sym.nb is used.

Author

Roger Bivand Roger.Bivand@nhh.no

See also

read.gal

Examples

columbus <- st_read(system.file("shapes/columbus.gpkg", package="spData")[1], quiet=TRUE)
col.gal.nb <- read.gal(system.file("weights/columbus.gal", package="spData")[1])
coords <- st_coordinates(st_centroid(columbus))
#> Warning: st_centroid assumes attributes are constant over geometries
ind <- row.names(as(columbus, "Spatial"))
print(is.symmetric.nb(col.gal.nb, verbose=TRUE, force=TRUE))
#> [1] TRUE
k4 <- knn2nb(knearneigh(coords, k=4), row.names=ind)
k4 <- sym.attr.nb(k4)
print(is.symmetric.nb(k4))
#> [1] FALSE
k4.sym <- make.sym.nb(k4)
print(is.symmetric.nb(k4.sym))
#> [1] TRUE