Compute Euclidian or great circle distance between pairs of geometries; compute, the area or the length of a set of geometries.

st_area(x, ...)

# S3 method for sfc
st_area(x, ...)

st_length(x, ...)

st_distance(
x,
y,
...,
dist_fun,
by_element = FALSE,
which = ifelse(isTRUE(st_is_longlat(x)), "Great Circle", "Euclidean"),
par = 0,
tolerance = 0
)

## Arguments

x object of class sf, sfc or sfg ignored object of class sf, sfc or sfg, defaults to x deprecated logical; if TRUE, return a vector with distance between the first elements of x and y, the second, etc. if FALSE, return the dense matrix with all pairwise distances. character; for Cartesian coordinates only: one of Euclidean, Hausdorff or Frechet; for geodetic coordinates, great circle distances are computed; see details for which equal to Hausdorff or Frechet, optionally use a value between 0 and 1 to densify the geometry ignored if st_is_longlat(x) is FALSE; otherwise, if set to a positive value, the first distance smaller than tolerance will be returned, and true distance may be smaller; this may speed up computation. In meters, or a units object convertible to meters.

## Value

If the coordinate reference system of x was set, these functions return values with unit of measurement; see set_units.

st_area returns the area of a geometry, in the coordinate reference system used; in case x is in degrees longitude/latitude, st_geod_area is used for area calculation.

st_length returns the length of a LINESTRING or MULTILINESTRING geometry, using the coordinate reference system. POINT, MULTIPOINT, POLYGON or MULTIPOLYGON geometries return zero.

If by_element is FALSE st_distance returns a dense numeric matrix of dimension length(x) by length(y); otherwise it returns a numeric vector of length x or y, the shorter one being recycled. Distances involving empty geometries are NA.

## Details

great circle distance calculations use function geod_inverse from PROJ; see Karney, Charles FF, 2013, Algorithms for geodesics, Journal of Geodesy 87(1), 43--55

st_dimension, st_cast to convert geometry types

## Examples

b0 = st_polygon(list(rbind(c(-1,-1), c(1,-1), c(1,1), c(-1,1), c(-1,-1))))
b1 = b0 + 2
b2 = b0 + c(-0.2, 2)
x = st_sfc(b0, b1, b2)
st_area(x)
#> [1] 4 4 4line = st_sfc(st_linestring(rbind(c(30,30), c(40,40))), crs = 4326)
st_length(line)
#> 1434649 [m]
outer = matrix(c(0,0,10,0,10,10,0,10,0,0),ncol=2, byrow=TRUE)
hole1 = matrix(c(1,1,1,2,2,2,2,1,1,1),ncol=2, byrow=TRUE)
hole2 = matrix(c(5,5,5,6,6,6,6,5,5,5),ncol=2, byrow=TRUE)

poly = st_polygon(list(outer, hole1, hole2))
mpoly = st_multipolygon(list(
list(outer, hole1, hole2),
list(outer + 12, hole1 + 12)
))

st_length(st_sfc(poly, mpoly))
#> [1] 0 0p = st_sfc(st_point(c(0,0)), st_point(c(0,1)), st_point(c(0,2)))
st_distance(p, p)
#>      [,1] [,2] [,3]
#> [1,]    0    1    2
#> [2,]    1    0    1
#> [3,]    2    1    0st_distance(p, p, by_element = TRUE)
#> [1] 0 0 0